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  सांख्य दर्शन में वर्णित 25 तत्व सांख्य दर्शन के प्रणेता महर्षि कपिल है यहाँ पर सांख्य शब्द का अर्थ ज्ञान के अर्थ में लिया गया सांख्य दर्शन में प्रकृति पुरूष सृष्टि क्रम बन्धनों व मोक्ष कार्य - कारण सिद्धान्त का सविस्तार वर्णन किया गया है इसका संक्षेप में वर्णन इस प्रकार है।

सिद्ध सिद्धांत पद्धति सिद्ध - अर्थात -  योगी , महान पुरुष सिद्धांत -  अर्थात् - निश्चित मत    पद्धति - अर्थात् - मार्ग

Chitta Vritti "Vrttayah-panchtayah-klishta-aklishta"  (Yoga Sutra- 1/5) The transformation of the mind is vrtti. Despite being inanimate the Chitta, seems to be living entity due to the reflection of the self in it. It is these changes in the chitta which are known as its Vrittis or modifications. These modifications (vrtti) are due to ignorance and their result is bondage. Maharishi Patanjali has described five types of Chittavrtti–  “Pramaana-viparya-vikalpa-nidra-smriti-Vritti" (Yoga Sutra- 1/6) 1. Pramana 2. Viparya 3.Vikalp 4.Nidra 5. Smriti 1. Pramana:  "Pratyaksha-anuman-aagamah Pramanani" (Yoga Sutra- 1/7) Like Samkhya philosophy, yoga has also accepted three of Pramanas- Pratyaksh, Anumaan and Aagam. By going outside through the sensation, the Chitta attains the form of obyect. This is known as pramana. 2.Viparya :  “Viparyo-Mithya-jnanma-tdrupa-pratistham” (Yoga Sutra- 1/8) The false knowledge of anything is known as viparyaya.  That false knowledge i...

 Ashtang Yoga: Maharishi Patanjali The purpose of human life is to be free from worldly sufferings and immersed in the supreme soul and attain blissful bliss. A Man the fascination of the world is associated with Maya, suffering from sorrow and suffering. To avoid these sorrows and to achieve a final merger with the eternal, man must adopt one of the paths of Karma Yoga, Dhyana Yoga. These are actually different systems that lead a man to the same goal. The purpose of human life is not to be born again and again, but to experience eternal bliss or unity with supreme bliss.  The word 'yoga' is derived from the root 'yuj' which means union or merger. Yoga is the experience of the merging of the soul with God and oneness with Him. The state of Samadhi can be attained through yoga. Such effort is possible only through control of the sense organs and through continuous practice and detachment. 'Return of the sense organs from worldly things and their control is yoga'...

Nadanusandhan According to HathYoga Pradipika Nadanusandhan means research of sound. In the fourth chapter of Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Swami Swatmaram ji has described the practice of Nadanusandhan.  There are two types of Naads- Aahata Naad and Anahata Naad.  Aahata Naad like- are popular like Tabla, Sarangi, Harmonium, Dholak, Manjira, Veena etc., which are played by blowing. These are useful for music.  Anahata Naad is that which the seeker has to hear from within in his spiritual practice. For these, one should first try to concentrate on the gross and gradually leaving the gross and meditating on the subtle. This concentration is what gives the state of samadhi. When rhythm of the mind, the work of nadanusandhan of is completed. First of all, different types of sounds are heard. As the practice becomes firm, subtler and more subtle sounds begin to be heard. First Sea, Cloud, Waterfall etc. In the middle the soft sound of Bheri  etc. and in the end the sound of Kink...

 Chit Prasaadan Ke Upaay According to the Yogasutra- "Maitri-karuna-mudita-upekshaam-sukh-duhkha-puny-apunya-vishayanayam-bhavnaatasya-chittaprasadanam" (Yogasutra- 1/33) "मैत्री-करुण-मुदिता-उपेक्षाम्-सुख-दुःख-पुण्य-अपुण्य-विषयनायम्-भावनातस्य-चित्तप्रसादनम्" (योगसूत्र- 1/33) Friendship, Compassion, Happiness and Indifference - these four types of feelings purify the mind. And is capable of controlling instincts. There should be a feeling of friendship among well-to-do men, a feeling of kindness towards unhappy people. Should keep a sense of joy  in The Holy Spirit men and a sense of indifference in men with a sinful nature. These feelings purify the mind. A pure mind soon attains concentration. There are all kinds of people in the world, happy, sad, virtuous and sinners. It is natural for the common people to have attachment, malice etc. towards such persons according to their thoughts. Seeing a person happy, attachment to another favorable person develops in him, h...

The Seeker Elements of Yoga  (Yog Ke SaadhakTatv )  It is said in Hatha yoga pradipika- Enthusiasm, Courage, Patience, tatvagyaan, Determination and Abandonment with the people, of the company of these six elements lead to the accomplishment of yoga, hence these are the seeker elements of the of yoga. (Hatha yog pradipika-1/16)   Saadhak Tatv of yoga according to Hatha Yoga Pradipika.  Their brief description is as follows- 1. Enthusiasm- It is necessary to have a state of mind in the form of enthusiasm in order to engage in yoga practice. By starting work with an enthusiastic mind, all the organs get inspired to work in spiritual practice by communication of life force in the body, mind and senses. Therefore, an enthusiastic state of mind is the key to success in yoga practice. 2. Courage- Courage should also be a quality in the path of yoga practice. Courageous seeker can do the sadhna of difficult activities of yoga such as Vastradhauti, Khechri etc. An already fe...

Heya, Heyahetu, Hana and Hanopaya have been described as the main subjects of Indian philosophy. Yogdarshan also has the same opinion. Therefore, like other philosophies, the main objective of Yogdarshan is also the removal of sorrow. In the very beginning of his Yogasutra, Patanjali describes the state of perfection of yoga and says-   'Tada Drashtuva Swaroope Avasthanam'. 'तदा दृष्टुव स्वरूपे अवस्थानम्'। That is, when yoga is perfected, the seer (soul) becomes situated in its pure form. This state is attained only after the complete retirement of sorrows. The cause of sorrows is the different attitudes of the chitta, due to which the chitta remains in an unnatural state and is unable to give knowledge of his true nature. At the root of the chitta's inclinations are present avidya etc. kleshas, as a result of which various tendencies remain in the chitta. Maharishi Patanjali Abhyaas-Vairagya, Ishwar Pranidhan, KriyaYoga and Ashtanga Yoga mainly in the form of measu...

 Meaning of Mudra The word mudra is derived by adding the suffix "rak" to the root 'Mud Harsha', which means a condition that gives happiness.  The word "mudra" in the sense of money or rupees is also used with the same intention. Many meanings of the word 'mudra' are found in the corpus. Such as seal, ring, sign, medal, rupee, secret, specific position of the limbs (hand or face posture)] dance posture (position) etc. In the yogic context, the word mudra can be taken to mean 'mystery' and 'special position of the limbs'. The method used to awaken the Kundalini Shakti is mysterious. And being confidential, it is not a public method. Hence the secret meaning is appropriate. 'Mudra' is practiced by sitting in a specific position using bandhas along with asanas and pranayama. That's why it is also taken as a special condition of the organs. Special position of hands and mouth can also be included in these. For example, sittin...

 Knowing the importance of Pranayama, our sages have discussed Pranayama very simply and clearly. "Prana" is the pure and sattvic part of air, Pranayama is to expand this life force in the whole body. By using Pranayama one can live life well. Its usefulness in every field of life is being proved through various researches. Physical, mental and spiritual progress can be achieved by continuous practice of Pranayama. Undoubtedly Pranayama is a unique gift of our sages to mankind. To know the importance of Pranayama, we can discuss the following points. 1. Physical Development through Pranayama-  The physical condition of the seeker improves through Pranayama. The principle of Ayurveda is that those who are healthy should be kept healthy and those who are sick should be cured of diseases. "Svasthasy svaasthyarakshannam aaturasy vikaaraprashamanam" "स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणं आतुरस्य विकारप्रशमनम्" This recognition of Ayurveda applies to Yoga in the same way. P...

Before doing Pranayama, it is essential to know the principles of Pranayama. Therefore, the principles of doing Pranayama are being described in brief- Prana is called Agni. One who plays with fire gets consumed. Similarly, Pranayama should not be practiced considering it as a game. It is said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika “Yatha Singho Gajo Vyapanno Bhavedshya Shanai Shanai. Tathaiv Sevito Vayuranyatha Hanti Sadhakam” (H. P.- 2/15) “यथा सिंहो गजो व्यापन्नो भवेदश्य शनै शनै। तथैव सेवितो वायुरण्यथा हन्ति साधकम्” (हठयोग प्रदीपिका.- 2/15) That is, just like lions, elephants etc. strong animals living in the forest are also controlled slowly by method, in the same way, by practicing Pranayama gradually, the Prana becomes under control and does not cause any kind of harm. If practiced properly, diseases are destroyed and if not done properly, diseases arise. Therefore, practice keeping in mind the quantity, time, strength of the body, proper diet etc. (H.P. - 2/ 16) Sadhaks with gross body nature ...

"Pranayama" according to Hatha Yoga Pradipika Pranayama described in Hatha Yoga Pradipika has been called Kumbhaka, Swami Swatmarama ji while describing Pranayama has said - Suryabhedanmujjayi Sitkari Sheetali  tatha. Bhastrika Bhramari Moorchchha Plavnityashtakumbhaka. (H.P- 2/44) सूर्यभेदनमुज्जयी सीतकारी शीतली तथा। भस्त्रिका भ्रामरी मूर्च्छ प्लव्नित्याष्टकुंभका। (हठ योग प्रदीपिका - 2/44) That is, there are eight types of Kumbhak (Pranayama)- Suryabhedan, Ujjayi, Sitkari, Sheetali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Murcha and Plavini. Their description is as follows- 1. Suryabhedi Pranayama - Describing Suryabhedan or Suryabhedi Pranayama in Hatha Yoga Pradipika, it has been said that - Spreading a suitable seat in a holy and flat place, sit on it comfortably in any posture like Padmasan, Swastikasan etc. and keep the spine, neck and head straight. Then slowly supplement with the right nostril i.e. Pingala Nadi. Do Abhyantar Kumbhak. At the time of Kumbhak, keep Moolabandha and...